Lactose drives Enterococcus expansion to promote graft-versus-host disease.

Disruption of intestinal microbial communities appears to underlie many human illnesses, but the mechanisms that promote this dysbiosis and its adverse consequences are poorly understood. In patients who received allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT), we describe a high incidence of enterococcal expansion, which was associated with graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and mortality. We found that Enterococcus also expands in the mouse gastrointestinal tract after allo-HCT and exacerbates disease severity in gnotobiotic models. Enterococcus growth is dependent on the disaccharide lactose, and dietary lactose depletion attenuates Enterococcus outgrowth and reduces the severity of GVHD in mice. Allo-HCT patients carrying lactose-nonabsorber genotypes showed compromised clearance of postantibiotic Enterococcus domination. We report lactose as a common nutrient that drives expansion of a commensal bacterium that exacerbates an intestinal and systemic inflammatory disease.

Cambios en la sensibilidad antibiótica de E. Coli en mujeres con infección urinaria baja ambulatoria en un período de 10 años / Change in E. Coli antibiotic therapy resistance in female urinary tract infections in the last 10 years

La infección urinaria constituye la infección bacteriana más común, siendo los bacilos gram negativos(E. coli, P. mirabilis, Klebsiella) los patógenos más frecuentes. Esta enfermedad pese a los nuevos conocimientos tanto en factores relacionados con el huésped cómo en los relacionados con la biología de las bacterias, aún nos enfrenta a numerosos problemas no resueltos, cómo son la resistencia a los antibióticos y la recurrencia. La resistencia, de los patógenos, a los agentes antimicrobianos es un problema muy importante para la elección deun tratamiento de primera línea, por lo que nos parece necesario conocer sus cambios. El objetivo de este estudio es evaluar los cambios experimentados por la susceptibilidad de la E. Coli a los antibióticos de uso frecuente, en pacientes de consulta ambulatoria con ITU baja no complicada, en un período de 10 años. Realizamos unarevisión retrospectiva de los antecedentes, urocultivos y antibiograma de pacientes de sexo femenino que consultaron en nuestro centro en los años 1996 y 2005. Se registró la edad, bacteria y antibiograma de aquellas con urocultivos positivos, comparando las variaciones producidas en este período de tiempo. Se utilizó la prueba de Chi cuadrado para comparar la sensibilidad antibiótica. En el año 1996, durante el período enero a septiembre, se registraron 242 pacientes con urocultivos positivos, con una edad promedio de 46 años. En el 91,3 por ciento la bacteria responsable fue Escherichia coli. Durante el mismo período en el año 2005 registramos 296 pacientes con urocultivos positivos, con edad promedio de 52 años y Escherichia coli en el 88,5 por ciento. La resistencia de E. Coli a cotrimoxazol, sulbactam-ampicilina, Ac. Pipemídico, cefotaxima y cefradina aumentó significativamente. Por el contrario la resistencia a gentamicina disminuyó significativamente. El ciprofloxacino, norfloxacino, nitrofurantoina y amikacinano presentaron cambios significativos. Conclusiones: Los cambios en la...

The urinary tract infection (UTI) is the most common bacterial infection, caused by several germs like gramnegative bacillus ( E. Coli, P. Mirabilis, Klebsiella). This disease has a lot of non-resolved problems like resistance to the antibiotics and recurrence. The germ resistance is important at the moment to choose a first line antibiotic.The aim of the study was evaluate the evolution of E. Coli resistance to the frequent used antibiotics in female outpatients of our center with no complicate UTI in a 10 years period. We assessed retrospectively our database ofurine culture (UC) and antibiogram the years 1996 and 2005 from January to September using the Chi square test to compare the antibiotic sensitivity. In 1996 we found 242 patients with positive UC, the mean age was 46 years and E. Coli was responsible in 91,3 percent. In 2005 we had 296 patients with positive UC, the mean age was 52 years and E. Coli was responsible in 88,5 percent. We found a rise E. Coli resistance (statistically significant) to cotrimoxazol, sulbactam-ampicilin, pipemidic acid, cefotaxim and cefradin. Ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, nitrofuranto in and amikacin present no significant changes. Gentamicin has an important increase of sensitivity.

[Severe hyponatremia during treatment with fluoxetine]. / Hiponatremia severa durante terapia con fluoxetina en un caso.

Serotonin reuptake inhibitors, used as antidepressants, may cause hyponatremia due to a syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone, specially in elders. Thirty cases with such complication have been reported in the last six years. We report a 76 years old female with a hypertensive cardiopathy and paroxysmal atrial fibrillation treated with amlodipine and sotalol. Five days after starting fluoxetine, the patient presented with a confusional state, gait instability and tremor. Laboratory assessment disclosed a plasma sodium of 115 meq/L. Fluoxetine was discontinued and fluids were restricted. The clinical condition of the patient improved and hyponatremia abated. Hyponatremia must be born in mind as a potential side effect of serotonin reuptake inhibitors.